Characterization of Seasonal Variations and Spatial Distribution of Ambient Pm2.5 and Pm10 in Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract:

Seasonal variations and spatial distributions of airborne particulate matter have been investigated by means of sampling and meteorological data. The sampling site at National Nuclear Energy Agency Bandung is located in urban area, the capital of West Java Province. The samples were collected using a Gent stacked filter sampler in two fractions of < 2.5 μm fine and 2.5 – 10 μm coarse sizes with sampling interval of twice a week from 2004 - 2006. In this research, gravimetric method was used to determine PM2.5 and PM10, while black carbon was determined using an EEL model 43D smoke stain reflectometer. The samples were analyzed for elemental concentrations by combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The results showed that there are increasing of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration over the period, due to the increase of pollutant sources such as vehicles numbers and fuel use for industries. The increasing trend was significantly happened in 2005 indicated by the annual average concentration of PM2.5 that was over above the national ambient air quality standard for annual PM2.5 (15 ug/m3). The ratio of PM2,5/PM10 is more than 50% , this value indicates that the anthropogenic sources becomes relatively dominate the source. The correlation of PM2.5, PM10 and black carbon concentration with the season, wind direction and wind speed are also presented.

Keywords: particulate matter, black carbon, PM2.5, PM10, Bandung