GREENHOUSE GASES (GHGS) EMISSION REDUCTION AND POLLUTION CONTROL THROUGH DISSEMINATION OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY

Abstract:

A huge quantity of green house gases (GHGs) has been emitted everyday from open dumping or heaping of city wastes, cow dung, poultry dropping etc. Rapid increase of GHGs concentration to the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming. Minimization of GHGs emission from these wastes can be possible through anaerobic process by trapping them, which have high global warming potential. A fixed dome model biogas plant suitable to Bangladesh has been developed in the Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD) of Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. More than 20 thousand biogas plants (average 3 m3 gas production per day) have been disseminated throughout the country, under biogas pilot plant project (1st and 2nd phase) implemented by IFRD and about 1621 tones cow dung are required to produce 60000 m3 biogas per day (average 0.037 m3 gas per kg dung). GHGs emission from 1621 tones of cow dung in absence and in presence of biogas technology has been calculated. It has been estimated that about 344855 tones of CO2 equivalent is produced per year in absence of biogas technology, whereas only 40062 tons of CO2 equivalent is produced through biogas technology. It has been found that due to presence of biogas plant total abatement of green house gas CO2 equivalent per year 304793 tones can be obtained. Considerable foreign exchange can also be earned from carbon credit. Moreover, this biogas can be used for cooking, lighting and generation of electricity and the residue is a better quality fertilizer.